Herbs that pacify the liver and subdue endogenous wind stop tremors and subdue the Yang. They are mainly indicated in tremors, convulsions and spasms caused by the stirring of liver wind, and in dizziness or vertigo due to hyperactivity of liver-Yang. As endogenous wind can arise from extreme heat, hyperactive liver-Yang, or deficient Yin and blood, corresponding herbs should be used in the prescriptions. For example, if endogenous wind is due to extreme heat, herbs that clear heat should be added to those that subdue wind.
Prescriptions that are mainly composed of herbs that are pungent in flavor and dispersing in nature that dispel exogenous wind or subdue endogenous wind to relieve convulsions and are used to resolve wind syndromes are known as “Wind-Treating Prescriptions.” Wind in Chinese medicine can be exogenous wind, one of six exogenous pathogenic factors, or endogenous wind derived from dysfunctions of the bowels and viscera, mainly the liver. So this group of Prescriptions can be correspondingly subdivided into two major categories:
(1)Prescriptions for dispelling exogenous wind, which are mainly made up of pungent and dispersing herbs which have the effect of dispelling pathogenic wind and are used for treating diseases resulting from an attack of exogenous wind on muscles, meridians and collaterals, and tendons and joints.
(2)Prescriptions for subduing endogenous wind, which consist chiefly of herbs that check liver-Yang, thus stopping endogenous wind, and are used to treat syndromes caused by the stirring-up of liver wind due to extreme heat, blood deficiency, or Yin deficiency.
Pacifying Herbs
(i) Antelope horn (Ling Yang Jiao,
)
Pharmaceutical Name: Cornus Saigae Tataricae
Part Used: Horn
Properties: Salty and cold
Meridians: Liver and heart
| Functions: | (a) | To pacify the liver and subdue endogenous wind; |
| (b) | To clear liver fire and brighten the eyes; | |
| (c) | To clear heat and release toxins. |
Applications:
(a)Endogenous wind due to extreme heat, manifested as high fever, spasms, and convulsions. Antelope horn (Ling Yang Jiao, 
) is used with Uncaria stem (Gou Teng, 
), Chrysanthemum flower (Ju Hua, 
), and Fresh Rehmannia root (Sheng Di Huang, 
).
(b)Hyperactivity of liver-Yang, manifested as dizziness, a sensation of distension in the head, and blurred vision. Antelope horn (Ling Yang Jiao, 
) is used with Sea-ear shell (Shi Jue Ming, 
), Prunella spike (Xia Ku Cao, 
), and Chrysanthemum flower (Ju Hua, 
).
(c)Flaring-up of liver fire, manifested as red eyes, painful swollen eyes, and headache. Antelope horn (Ling Yang Jiao, 
) is used with Cape jasmine (Zhi Zi, 
), Chinese gentian (Long Dan Cao, 
), and Cassia seed (Jue Ming Zi, 
).
(d)High fever, loss of consciousness, delirium, and mania. Antelope horn (Ling Yang Jiao, 
) is used with Gypsum (Shi Gao, 
) and Rhinoceros horn (Xi Jiao, 
).
(e)Dosage: 1–3 g.
(ii) Oyster shell (Mu Li, 
)
Pharmaceutical Name: Concha Ostreae
Part Used: Shell
Properties: Salty and slightly cold Meridians: Liver and kidney
| Functions: | (a) | To pacify the liver and subdue Yang; |
| (b) | To soften hardness and release nodules; | |
| (c) | To stop perspiration, nocturnal emissions, and leukorrhagia by astringency. |
Applications:
(a)Deficient Yin of the liver and kidneys and upward flaring of Yang, manifested as dizziness, vertigo, blurred vision, tinnitus, palpitations, irritability, and insomnia. Oyster shell (Mu Li, 
) is used with Dragon bone (Long Gu, 
), Tortoise plastron (Gui Ban, 
) and White peony root (Bai Shao, 
).
(b)Late-stage febrile disease with exhaustion of Yin and body fluids leading to malnutrition of the tendons and muscles, manifested as spasms or convulsions. Oyster shell (Mu Li, 
) is used with Tortoise plastron (Gui Ban, 
), Donkey hide gelatin (E Jiao, 
), White peony root (Bai Shao, 
), and Turtle shell (Bie Jia, 
).
(c)Scrofula due to phlegm and fire. Oyster shell (Mu Li, 
) is used with Thunberg fritillary bulb (Zhe Bei Mu, 
) and Scrophularia (Xuan Shen, 
).
(d)Spontaneous sweating and night sweats due to weakness of the body. Oyster shell (Mu Li, 
) is used with Astragalus root (Huang Qi, 
), Ephedra root (Ma Huang Gen, 
), and Light wheat (Fu Xiao Mai, 
).
(e)Nocturnal emissions due to kidney deficiency. Oyster shell (Mu Li, 
) is used with Flattened milkvetch seed (Sha Yuan Zi, 
), Euryale seed (Qian Shi, 
), and Lotus stamen (Lian Xu, 
).
(f)Uterine bleeding and leukorrhagia due to deficient Chong and Ren Meridians. Oyster shell (Mu Li, 
) is used with Dragon bone (Long Gu, 
), Dioscorea (Shan Yao, 
), and Schisandra fruit (Wu Wei Zi, 
).
(g)Dosage: 9–30 g.
(iii) Red ochre (Dai Zhe Shi, 
)
Pharmaceutical Name: Hematitum
Part Used: The mineral hematite
Properties: Bitter and cold
Meridians: Liver and heart
| Functions: | (a) | To pacify the liver and subdue Yang; |
| (b) | To conduct rebellious Qi downward and stop vomiting; | |
| (c) | To stop bleeding. |
Applications:
(a)Deficient Yin of the liver and kidneys and hyperactivity of liver-Yang, manifested as distension and pain in the head and eyes, dizziness, and vertigo. Red ochre (Dai Zhe Shi, 
) is used with Dragon bone (Long Gu, 
), Oyster shell (Mu Li, 
), White peony root (Bai Shao, 
), Tortoise plastron (Gui Ban, 
), and Cyathula root (Niu Xi, 
).
(b)Rebellious Stomach-Qi, manifested as vomiting and belching. Red ochre (Dai Zhe Shi, 
) is used with Inula flower (Xuan Fu Hua, 
), Fresh ginger (Sheng Jiang, 
), and Pinellia tuber (Ban Xia, 
).
(c)Asthma due to deficiency of the lungs and kidneys. Red ochre (Dai Zhe Shi, 
) is used with Ginseng (Ren Shen, 
) and Dogwood fruit (Shan Zhu Yu, 
).
(d)Extravasation of blood by heat, manifested as vomiting with blood and epistaxis. Red ochre (Dai Zhe Shi, 
) is used with White peony root (Bai Shao, 
), Bamboo shavings (Zhu Ru, 
), and Arctium fruit (Niu Bang Zi, 
).
(e)Chronic uterine bleeding, manifested as dizziness and blurred vision due to deficient blood. Red ochre (Dai Zhe Shi, 
) is used with Red halloysite (Chi Shi Zhi, 
), Frankincense (Ru Xiang, 
), and Myrrh (Mo Yao, 
).
(f)Dosage: 10–30 g.
Cautions and Contraindications: This substance should be used with caution during pregnancy.
(iv) Uncaria stem (Gou Teng,
)
Pharmaceutical Name: Ramulus Uncariae cum Uncis
Part Used: Stem
Properties: Sweet and slightly cold
Meridians: Liver and pericardium
| Functions: | (a) | To eliminate endogenous wind and stop spasms; |
| (b) | To clear heat and pacify the liver. |
Applications:
(a)Stirring-up of liver wind by excessive heat, manifested as high fever, spasms, and convulsions. Uncaria stem (Gou Teng,
) is used with Antelope horn (Ling Yang Jiao, 
), Chrysanthemum flower (Ju Hua, 
), and Gypsum (Shi Gao, 
).
(b)Deficient Yin of the liver and kidneys and hyperactivity of liver-Yang or excessive heat in the Liver Meridian, manifested as dizziness, vertigo, blurred vision, and headache. Uncaria stem (Gou Teng,
) is used with Prunella spike (Xia Ku Cao, 
), Scutellaria root (Huang Qin, 
), Sea-ear shell (Shi Jue Ming, 
), and Chrysanthemum flower (Ju Hua, 
).
(c)Dosage: 3–12 g.
Cautions and Contraindications: This herb should not be cooked for a long time.
(v) Gastrodia tuber (Tian Ma, 
)
Pharmaceutical Name: Rhizoma Gastrodiae
Part Used: Rhizome
Properties: Sweet and neutral
Meridian: Liver
| Functions: | (a) | To eliminate endogenous wind and stop spasms; |
| (b) | To pacify the liver and subdue Yang. |
Applications:
(a)Internal stirring-up of liver wind, manifested as spasms and convulsions. Gastrodia tuber (Tian Ma, 
) is used with Uncaria stem (Gou Teng, 
) and Scorpion (Quan Xie, 
).
(b)Spasms or convulsions in tetanus. Gastrodia tuber (Tian Ma, 
) is used with Ledebouriella (Fang Feng, 
), Arisaema tuber (Tian Nan Xing, 
), and Typhonium tuber (Bai Fu Zi, 
).
(c)Headache and dizziness due to hyperactivity of liver-Yang. Gastrodia tuber (Tian Ma, 
) is used with Uncaria stem (Gou Teng, 
), Scutellaria root (Huang Qin, 
), and Cyathula root (Niu Xi, 
).
(d)Vertigo and dizziness caused by upward attack of wind-phlegm due to deficiency of the spleen and stagnation of Qi in the liver. Gastrodia tuber (Tian Ma, 
) is used with Pinellia tuber (Ban Xia, 
), White Atractylodes (Bai Zhu, 
), and Poria (Fu Ling, 
).
(e)Unilateral headache (migraine) and frontal headache. Gastrodia tuber (Tian Ma, 
) is used with Chuan Xiong rhizome (Chuan Xiong, 
).
(f)Pain due to wind-damp obstruction (joint pain) Gastrodia tuber (Tian Ma, 
) is used with Frankincense (Ru Xiang, 
) and scorpion (Quan Xie, 
).
(g)Numbness of limbs due to deficient blood in the channels. Gastrodia tuber (Tian Ma, 
) is used with Chinese Angelica root (Dang Gui, 
) and Cyathula root (Niu Xi, 
).
(h)Dosage: 3–9 g.
(vi) Scorpion (Quan Xie, 
)
Pharmaceutical Name: Scorpio
Part Used: Body
Properties: Pungent, neutral, and toxic
Meridian: Liver
| Functions: | (a) | To subdue endogenous wind and stop spasms; |
| (b) | To dispel toxins; | |
| (c) | To dispel wind and stop pain. |
Applications:
(a)Convulsions due to high fever or epileptic spasms. Scorpion (Quan Xie, 
) is used with Centipede (Wu Gong, 
).
(b)Facial paralysis manifested as deviation of the eye and mouth and incomplete closing of the eyelids. Scorpion (Quan Xie, 
) is used with Typhonium tuber (Bai Fu Zi, 
) and White-stiff silkworm (Bai Jiang Can, 
).
(c)Tetanus manifested as spasms of the limbs and opisthotonos. Scorpion (Quan Xie, 
) is used with Arisaema tuber (Tian Nan Xing, 
) and Cicada slough (Chan Tui, 
).
(d)Chronic convulsions caused by chronic diarrhea due to deficiency of the spleen, manifested as spasms of the hands and feet. Scorpion (Quan Xie, 
) is used with Pilose Asiabell root (Dang Shen, 
), White Atractylodes (Bai Zhu, 
), and Gastrodia tuber (Tian Ma, 
).
(e)Stubborn headache and rheumatic pain. Scorpion (Quan Xie, 
) is used with Centipede (Wu Gong, 
) and White-stiff silkworm (Bai Jiang Can, 
).
(f)Dosage: 3–6 g.
Cautions and Contraindications: This substance is toxic, and overdosing should be avoided. Use it with caution for a person with endogenous wind caused by deficient blood. It is contraindicated during pregnancy.
(vii) Centipede (Wu Gong,
)
Pharmaceutical Name: Scolopendra
Part Used: Body
Properties: Pungent, warm, and toxic
Meridian: Liver
| Functions: | (a) | To subdue endogenous wind and stop spasms; |
| (b) | To dispel toxins; | |
| (c) | To clear collaterals and stop pain. |
Applications:
(a)Acute and chronic convulsions or tetany, manifested as spasms, convulsions of the limbs, and opisthotonos. Centipede (Wu Gong, 
) is used with Scorpion (Quan Xie, 
), White-stiff silkworm (Bai Jiang Can, 
), and Uncaria stem (Gou Teng, 
).
(b)Stubborn headache and rheumatic pain. Centipede (Wu Gong, 
) is used with Scorpion (Quan Xie, 
), Gastrodia tuber (Tian Ma, 
), White-stiff silkworm (Bai Jiang Can, 
), and Chuan Xiong rhizome (Chuan Xiong, 
).
(c)Dosage: 3–5 g.
Cautions and Contraindications: This substance is toxic. Overdosing should be avoided. The substance is contraindicated during pregnancy.
(viii) Earthworm (Di Long, 
)
Pharmaceutical Name: Lumbricus
Part Used: Body
Properties: Salty and cold
Meridians: Liver, spleen, and urinary bladder
| Functions: | (a) | To clear heat and subdue endogenous wind; |
| (b) | To soothe asthma; | |
| (c) | To promote urination; | |
| (d) | To clear the collaterals. |
Applications:
(a)Convulsions and spasms due to high fever. Earthworm (Di Long, 
) is used with Uncaria stem (Gou Teng, 
), White-stiff silkworm (Bai Jiang Can, 
), and Scorpion (Quan Xie, 
).
(b)Damp-heat obstruction syndrome, manifested as red swollen painful joints and motor impairment. Earthworm (Di Long, 
) is used with Mulberry twigs (Sang Zhi, 
), Honeysuckle stem (Ren Dong Teng, 
), and Red peony (Chi Shao, 
).
(e)Wind-cold-damp obstruction syndrome, manifested as cold painful joints with motor impairment. Earthworm (Di Long, 
) is used with Wild aconite root (Cao Wu, 
) and Arisaema tuber (Tian Nan Xing, 
).
(d)Hemiplegia due to obstruction of meridians by Qi deficiency and blood stagnation. Earthworm (Di Long, 
) is used with Chinese Angelica root (Dang Gui, 
), Chuan Xiong rhizome (Chuan Xiong, 
), and Astragalus root (Huang Qi, 
).
(e)Heat accumulated in the urinary bladder, manifested as dysuria. Earthworm (Di Long, 
) is used with Plantain seed (Che Qian Zi, 
) and Clematis stem (Mu Tong, 
).
(f)Asthma. Earthworm (Di Long, 
) is used with Ephedra (Ma Huang, 
) and Apricot seed (Xing Ren, 
).
(g)Dosage: 4.5–9 g.
Herbal Prescriptions
Prescriptions for Dispelling Exogenous Wind （疏散外风剂）
(i) Xiaofeng San 
(Wind-Dispersing Powder)
| Composition: | Chinese Angelica root (Dang Gui,  ) |
9 g |
Fresh Rehmannia root (Sheng Di Huang,  ) |
12 g | |
Ledebouriella root (Fang Feng,  ) |
9 g | |
Cicada slough (Chan Tui,  ) |
3 g | |
Anemarrhena rhizome (Zhi Mu,  ) |
9 g | |
Flavescent sophora root (Ku Shen,  ) |
6 g | |
Cannabis seed (Ma Zi Ren,  ) |
9 g | |
Schizonepeta (Jing Jie,  ) |
9 g | |
Atractylodes rhizome (Cang Zhu,  ) |
6 g | |
Arctium fruit (Niu Bang Zi,  ) |
9 g | |
Gypsum (Shi Gao,  ) |
15 g | |
Licorice (Sheng Gan Cao,  ) |
1.5 g | |
Clematis stem (Mu Tong,  ) |
1.5 g |
Administration: The herbs are cooked with water by decoction, or ground into powder.
| Functions: | (a) | To dispel wind and nourish blood; |
| (b) | To clear heat and eliminate dampness. |
Indications: Rubella and eczema, manifested as cutaneous red rashes or cloudy maculae all over the body with itching, exudation of body fluid after scratching, a whitish or yellowish tongue coating, and a superficial rapid pulse.
Formula Analysis: This is the commonly used formula for wind-heat or wind-dampness retained in the skin and interstitial spaces. All the disorders should be treated by dispelling wind and nourishing the blood, as well as clearing away heat and inducing diuresis. In the formula, Jing Jie 
with pungent and slightly warm properties, Fang Feng 
with pungent and sweet properties, Niu Bang Zi 
with pungent and bitter properties, and Chan Tui 
with sweet and cold properties are the chief herbs, which dispel the exterior wind to promote eruption and relieve itching. Cang Zhu 
with pungent and bitter properties expels wind and dampness, Ku Shen 
with bitter and cold properties clears heat and dampness, Mu Tong 
with bitter and cold properties clears damp-heat by promoting diuresis, and Shi Gao 
and Zhi Mu 
clear heat and purge fire, which altogether eliminate damp-heat retained in the superficies. These five herbs function as the assistant herbs. Dang Gui 
, Sheng Di Huang 
, and Ma Zi Ren 
are the adjuvant herbs, nourishing blood and promoting blood circulation. They not only prevent wind from impairing blood but also prevent the herbs with a bitter and dry nature from impairing Yin and consuming blood. Sheng Gan Cao 
, the guiding herb, purges fire and mediates the properties of other herbs.
Applications in Bio-medicine: Urticaria, rubella, eczema, allergic dermatitis, neurodermatitis, paddy field dermatitis, dermatitis medicamentosa, and other conditions which are characterized by red skin rashes with pruritus and caused by pathogenic wind, dampness or heat.
Modifications:
(a)For severe itching due to toxic wind, add Tribulus fruit (Bai Jili, 
), Forsythia fruit (Lian Qiao, 
), and Honeysuckle flower (Jin Yin Hua, 
).
(b)For severe heat in the blood, add Arnebia root (Zi Cao, 
), Moutan bark (Mu Dan Pi, 
), and Red peony (Chi Shao, 
).
(c)For severe damp-heat, add Broom cypress fruit (Di Fu Zi, 
), Plantain seed (Che Qian Zi, 
), and Spirodela (Fu Ping, 
).
Cautions: During the application of this formula, patients should refrain from pungent flavors, hot food, seafood, wine, strong tea, and cigarettes. Otherwise, the therapeutic effect may be weakened.
(ii) Chuan Xiong Cha Tiao San 
(Powder of Chuan Xiong Combination with Tea)
| Composition: | Chuan Xiong rhizome (Chuan Xiong,  ) |
120 g |
Schizonepeta (Jing Jie,  ) |
120 g | |
Angelica (Bai Zhi,  ) |
60 g | |
Notopterygium root (Qiang Huo,  ) |
60 g | |
Licorice (Gan Cao,  ) |
60 g | |
Asarum (xi xin,  ) |
30 g | |
Ledebouriella root (Fang Feng,  ) |
45 g | |
Mentha (Bo He,  ) |
240 g |
Administration: The above herbs are ground into powder, and 6 g each time is taken with green tea, twice daily.
Functions: To dispel wind and relieve pain.
Indications: Exogenous attack of wind, manifested as headache, hemicrania, or pain at the top of the head, aversion to cold with fever, dizziness, stuffy nose, a thin whitish tongue coating, and a superficial pulse.
Formula Analysis: This is the commonly used formula for exogenous wind invading the head and obstructing the lucid Yang Qi. All the disorders should be treated by dispelling wind and alleviating pain. Chuan Xiong 
, Bai Zhi 
, and Qiang Huo 
all have the effect of expelling wind and alleviating pain. Chuan Xiong 
with pungent and warm properties can dispel wind and quicken blood to arrest headache, and is especially efficient at relieving pain and treating headaches of the Shao Yang Meridian or Jue Yin Meridian (i.e. pain at the top of the head or in the temples), Qiang Huo 
with pungent and bitter properties targets headaches of the Tai Yang Meridian (pain at the rear of the head which radiates to the neck), and Bai Zhi 
with pungent and warm properties is particularly good for relief of headaches of the Yang Ming Meridian (pain in the forehead) These three herbs supplement one another in effect and function as the chief herbs. Xi Xin 
with pungent and warm properties dispels cold to relieve pain, and is good at treating headaches of the Shao Yin meridian, and Bo He 
with pungent and cool properties expels wind and refreshes the mind; together they are the assistant herbs. Jing Jie 
and Fang Feng 
strengthen the effect of both the chief and the assistant herbs in dispelling wind and are used as the adjuvant herbs. Gan Cao 
is the guiding herb, mediating the properties of the other herbs. Since most of the herbs in this formula are warm or dry with an expelling effect, the decoction is blended with tea, aiming at refreshing the mind and eyes and checking the warm and dry nature of wind-dispelling herbs; tea is used to prevent impairment of body fluid and consumption of Qi.
Applications in Bio-medicine: Headache generated from the common cold, influenza, migraine, chronic rhinitis, nasal sinusitis, and allergic rhinitis that is accompanied by nasal obstruction and a superficial pulse and is ascribed to attack by exogenous wind.
Modifications:
(a)For wind-heat headache, a yellow tongue coating and a rapid pulse, replace Xi Xin 
and Qiang Huo 
with Chrysanthemum flower (Ju Hua, 
), Chastetree fruit (Man Jing Zi, 
), and Uncaria stem (Gou Teng, 
).
(b)For chronic pain, add White-stiff silkworm (Jiang Can, 
), Scorpion (Quan Xie, 
), Peach seed (Tao Ren, 
), and Safflower (Hong Hua, 
).
Cautions: The formula is contraindicated in headaches due to Yin deficiency or hyperfunctioning of liver-Yang.
Prescriptions for Subduing Endogenous Wind （平息内风剂）
(i) Zhengan Xifeng Tang 
(Decoction to Subdue Endogenous Wind in the Liver)
| Composition: | Achyranthes (Huai Niu Xi,  ) |
30 g |
Hematite (Dai Zhe Shi,  ) |
30 g | |
Dragon bone (Long Gu,  ) |
15 g | |
Oyster shell (Mu Li,  ) |
15 g | |
Tortoise plastron (Gui Ban,  ) |
15 g | |
Oriental wormwood (Yin Chen Hao,  ) |
6 g | |
White peony root (Bai Shao,  ) |
15 g | |
Scrophularia (Xuan Shen,  ) |
15 g | |
Asparagus root (Tian Men Dong,  ) |
15 g | |
Sichuan chinaberry (Chuan Lian Zi,  ) |
6 g | |
Germinated barley (Mai Ya,  ) |
6 g | |
Licorice (Gan Cao,  ) |
4.5 g |
Administration: The above herbs are cooked with water for drinking.
| Functions: | (a) | To tranquilize the liver and subdue endogenous wind; |
| (b) | To replenish Yin and subdue hyperactive Yang. |
Indications: Hyperactivity of the liver-Yang with stirring-up of the liver wind, manifested as vertigo, tension of the eyes, tinnitus, pain and a feverish sensation in the head, restlessness, a flushed face, or frequent belching, or gradually limited movement of the limbs, deviation of the eyes and mouth; or falling down in a faint in serious cases, loss of consciousness but coming to when moved; or failing to recover after being awake, and a taut forceful pulse.
Formula Analysis: This is the commonly used formula for Yin deficiency of the liver and kidney, hyperactivity of liver-Yang, and disturbance of Qi and blood circulation causing blood to flow upward. All the disorders should be treated by expelling endogenous wind from the liver, nourishing Yin and suppressing hyperactive Yang, and inducing blood downward. With its large dosage, Huai Niu Xi 
with bitter and sour properties functions as the chief herb to lead blood downward and nourish the liver and kidney. Dai Zhe Shi 
is used to subdue hyperactive liver-Yang and assist the chief herbs in leading counterflowed Qi and blood downward, Long Gu 
and Mu Li 
descend Qi, suppress hyperactive Yang and expel endogenous wind, and are used as the assistant herbs. Gui Ban 
, Bai Shao 
, Xuan Shen 
, and Tian Men Dong 
nourish Yin and clear heat so as to suppress hyperactive Yang, while Yin Chen Hao 
, Chuan Lian Zi 
, and Mai Ya 
clear heat from the liver and regulate liver-Qi. These seven herbs serve as the adjuvant herbs. Using Gan Cao 
as the guiding herb not only mediates the properties of other herbs, but also, in conjunction with Mai Ya 
, regulates the stomach so as to prevent Dai Zhe Shi 
from impairing the stomach. This formula aims primarily to cause blood to circulate downward and to suppress hyperactive Yang, while simultaneously reinforcing the liver and kidney and dispersing stagnated liver-Qi.
Applications in Bio-medicine: Primary hypertension, apoplexy, cerebral hemorrhage, and other conditions that pertain to Yin deficiency of the liver and kidney or hyperactivity of liver-Yang.
Modifications:
(a)For severe heat manifestations, add Gypsum (Shi Gao, 
) and Cape jasmine fruit (Zhi Zi, 
).
(b)For severe distending pain in the eyes, nausea, and vomiting, add Prunella spike (Xia Ku Cao, 
) and Abalone shell (Shi Jue Ming, 
), or Uncaria stem (Gou Teng,
) and Chrysanthemum flower (Ju Hua, 
).
(c)If there is profuse sputum, add Arisaema with bile (Dan Nan Xing, 
) and Fritillary bulb (Bei Mu, 
).
(d)For a pulse that feels deficient even upon heavy pressure, add prepared Rehmannia root (Shu Di Huang, 
) and Dogwood fruit (Shan Zhu Yu, 
).