The herbal prescriptions for dispelling dampness are mainly composed of diuretic herbs which eliminate dampness, induce diuresis, relieve stranguria, and discharge turbidity, and are suitable for treating pathogenic dampness. Dampness may be generated either exteriorly or interiorly, and located in either the superficies or the interior, in either the upper or the lower portion of the body. It also differs in nature, depending on its association with wind, cold, or heat.
Therefore, this group of prescriptions can be subdivided into five categories:
(1)Prescriptions for expelling wind and eliminating dampness, which can dispel wind, eliminate dampness, and promote circulation within the meridians and collaterals, and are applied to conditions with obstruction of the meridians and collaterals by dampness.
(2)Aromatic prescriptions for resolving dampness, which chiefly consist of herbs with a bitter and warm nature, possessing the effects of drying dampness, invigorating the spleen, promoting the flow of Qi, and regulating the stomach. They are applied to syndromes of dampness retention in the middle Jiao.
(3)Prescriptions for clearing heat and dampness, which do so to treat syndromes caused by excessive damp-heat.
(4)Prescriptions for removing dampness and promoting urination, which can promote urination and are used to treat syndromes caused by retention of water and dampness.
(5)Prescriptions for warming Yang and resolving dampness, which can warm Yang, promote water metabolism, and resolve dampness to treat syndromes caused by the retention of water due to Yang deficiency or cold-dampness.
Herbs That Resolve Dampness
Herbs That Expel Wind and Dampness （祛风湿药）
These herbs expel wind and dampness from the skin, muscles, channels, and collaterals. They relax the tendons, promote circulation of channels and collaterals, stop pain, and strengthen the joints and bones. Their main indications are wind-damp obstruction pain, migrating pain, spasm of tendons, numbness of muscles, hemiplegia, soreness and pain in the lower back and knees, and flaccid lower limbs.
The selection of herbs for obstruction-type pain is based on the nature and location of the obstruction. For example, if the exterior is attacked by pathogenic factors, these herbs are used with herbs that expel wind and release exterior syndrome. If the collaterals are affected by pathogenic factors, these herbs are combined with herbs that invigorate circulation of Qi and blood. When there is excessive cold and dampness, these herbs are used with ones that warm the channels. For a patient with heat due to prolonged accumulation of pathogenic factors, these herbs are taken with herbs that clear heat.
As some herbs in this category are pungent, warm, and dry in flavor and property, they are apt to consume Yin and blood; therefore, care should be taken in their use when a person suffers from deficiency of Yin and blood.
(i) Pubescent Angelica root (Du Huo, 
)
Pharmaceutical Name: Radix Angelicae pubescentis
Part Used: Root.
Properties: Pungent, bitter, and warm
Channel Tropism: Liver, kidney, and urinary bladder
| Functions: | (a) | To expel wind and dampness; |
| (b) | To stop pain; | |
| (c) | To release the exterior and disperse cold. |
Applications:
(a)Wind-damp obstruction syndrome. Pubescent Angelica root (Du Huo, 
) is used with Large-leaf gentian root (Qin Jiao, 
), Ledebouriella root (Fang Feng, 
), and Mulberry mistletoe (Sang Ji Sheng, 
) in the formula Du Huo Jisheng Tang.
(b)For the wind-cold type of exterior syndrome, Pubescent Angelica root (Du Huo, 
) is used with Notopterygium root (Qiang Huo, 
).
(c)Dosage: 3–9 g.
Cautions and Contraindications: This herb is contraindicated in cases with syndromes of deficient Yin or blood with heat and pain.
(ii) Clematis root (Wei Ling Xian, 
)
Pharmaceutical Name: Radix Clematidis
Part Used: Root or rhizome
Properties: Pungent, salty, and warm
Channel Tropism: Urinary bladder
| Functions: | (a) | To dispel wind and damp; |
| (b) | To promote circulation within the meridians. |
Applications:
(a)Wind-damp obstruction syndrome, manifested as rheumatic pain, soreness, pain and numbness in the joints, and motor impairment. Clematis root (Wei Ling Xian, 
) is used with pubescent Angelica root (Du Huo, 
), Mulberry mistletoe (Sang Ji Sheng, 
) and Chinese Angelica root (Dang Gui, 
).
(b)Fish bone stuck in the throat. The decoction of the herb is taken orally with vinegar.
(c)Dosage: 3–12 g.
Cautions and Contraindications: This herb is contraindicated in a person with a weak constitution.
(iii) Tetrandra root (Fang Ji, 
)
Pharmaceutical Name: Radix Stephaniae tetrandrae
Part Used: Root
Properties: Bitter, pungent, and cold
Channel Tropism: Urinary bladder, kidney, and spleen
| Functions: | (a) | To dispel wind and dampness; |
| (b) | To stop pain; | |
| (c) | To relieve edema. |
Applications:
(a)For wind-damp obstruction syndrome or damp-heat obstruction syndrome, Tetrandra root (Fang Ji, 
) is used with Coix seed (Yi Yi Ren, 
), Talc (Hua Shi, 
), Silkworm excrement (Can Sha, 
), and Chaenomeles fruit (Mu Gua, 
).
(b)For cold-damp obstruction syndrome, Tetrandra root (Fang Ji, 
) is used with Cinnamon twigs (Gui Zhi, 
) and Prepared aconite root (Fu Zi, 
).
(c)Edema: (1) edema with heat signs — Tetrandra root (Fang Ji, 
) is used with Lepidium seed (Ting Li Zi, 
) in the formula Ji Jiao Li Huang Wan; (2) edema with signs of weakness of the spleen — Tetrandra root (Fang Ji, 
) is used with Astragalus root (Huang Qi, 
) and White Atractylodes (Bai Zhu, 
).
(d)Dosage: 6–12 g.
Cautions and Contraindications: This herb is contraindicated in cases with deficient Yin.
(iv) Large-leaf gentian root (Qin Jiao, 
)
Pharmaceutical Name: Radix Gentianae macrophyllae
Part Used: Root.
Properties: Bitter, pungent, and slightly cold
Channel Tropism: Stomach, liver, and gall bladder
| Functions: | (a) | To dispel wind and dampness; |
| (b) | To clear heat caused by Yin deficiency. |
Applications:
(a)Wind-damp obstruction syndrome: (1) pain with heat signs — Large-leaf gentian root (Qin Jiao, 
) is used with Tetrandra root (Fang Ji, 
) and Honeysuckle stem (Ren Dong Teng, 
); (2) pain with cold signs — Large-leaf gentian root (Qin Jiao, 
) is used with Notopterygium root (Qiang Huo, 
), Pubescent Angelica root (Du Huo, 
), Cinnamon twigs (Gui Zhi, 
), and Prepared aconite root (Fu Zi, 
).
(b)Afternoon fever caused by deficient Yin. Large-leaf gentian root (Qin Jiao, 
) is used with Sweet wormwood (Qing Hao, 
), Turtle shell (Bie Jia, 
), Anemarrhena rhizome (Zhi Mu, 
), and Wolfberry bark (Di Gu Pi, 
).
(c)Damp-heat jaundice. Large-leaf gentian root (Qin Jiao, 
) is used with Oriental wormwood (Yin Chen Hao, 
) and Cape jasmine (Zhi Zi, 
).
(d)Dosage: 6–12 g.
Cautions and Contraindications: This herb is contraindicated for a person with a weak constitution or for patients suffering from diarrhea.
(v) Mulberry mistletoe (Sang Ji Sheng, 
)
Pharmaceutical Name: Ramulus Taxilli
Part Used: Foliated stem and branche
Properties: Bitter and neutral
Channel Tropism: Liver and kidney
| Functions: | (a) | To dispel wind and dampness; |
| (b) | To tonify the liver and kidney, and strengthen the tendons; | |
| (c) | To calm the fetus and prevent miscarriage. |
Applications:
(a)Wind-damp obstruction syndrome, manifested as rheumatic pain and soreness and pain in the lower back and knees. Mulberry mistletoe (Sang Ji Sheng, 
) is used with pubescent Angelica root (Du Huo, 
), Cyathula root (Niu Xi, 
), Eucommia bark (Du Zhong, 
), and Cibot rhizome (Gou Ji, 
).
(b)Restless fetus, threatened abortion caused by deficient liver and kidney, and dysfunction of the Chong and Ren Meridians. Mulberry mistletoe (Sang Ji Sheng, 
) is used with Mugwort leaf (Ai Ye, 
), Donkey hide gelatin (E Jiao, 
), Eucommia bark (Du Zhong, 
) and Teasel root (Xu Duan, 
).
(c)For hypertension, Mulberry mistletoe (Sang Ji Sheng, 
) is used with Uncaria stem (Gou Teng, 
), Chrysanthemum flower (Ju Hua, 
), Wolfberry fruit (Gou Qi Zi, 
), and Glorybower leaf (Chou wu tong).
(d)Dosage: 9–18 g.
Aromatic Herbs That Transform Dampness （化湿药）
These herbs transform dampness and are mostly spicy-pungent, fragrant, warm, and dry. They promote Qi, transform turbid dampness, and strengthen the spleen and stomach in their functions of transforming and transporting. The main indications of dampness are a full sensation in the epigastric and abdominal regions, vomiting, sour regurgitation, poor appetite, lassitude, diarrhea, sweet flavor in the mouth, and a sticky moist tongue coating. In addition, these herbs are indicated for damp-heat syndrome and summer heat associated with dampness syndrome.
Aromatic herbs can be used with other herbs that warm the interior. For cold-damp syndrome and damp-heat syndrome, aromatic herbs are combined with herbs that clear heat and dry dampness. Since dampness is characterized by viscosity and stagnation, aromatic herbs that transform dampness are often combined with herbs that promote Qi circulation. If dampness is due to spleen deficiency, aromatic herbs are used with herbs that tonify the spleen. Caution is advised in patients with Yin deficiency.
(i) Atractylodes rhizome (Cang Zhu, 
)
Pharmaceutical Name: Rhizoma atractylodis
Part Used: Rhizome
Properties: Pungent, bitter, and warm
Channel Tropism: Spleen and stomach
| Functions: | (a) | To dry dampness and strengthen the spleen; |
| (b) | To expel wind and dampness; | |
| (c) | To promote sweating. |
Applications:
(a)Dampness blocking the spleen and stomach, manifested as epigastric distension and fullness, poor appetite, nausea or vomiting, lassitude, and a sticky tongue coating. Atractylodes rhizome (Cang Zhu, 
) is used with Magnolia bark (Hou Po, 
) and Tangerine peel (Chen Pi, 
).
(b)Wind-cold-damp obstruction syndrome, manifested as swollen and painful knee joints and weakness of the lower limbs. It is often used with Chaenomeles fruit (Mu Gua, 
), Mulberry twigs (Sang Zhi, 
) and Pubescent Angelica root (Du Huo, 
).
(c)Exterior syndrome due to invasion of exogenous pathogenic wind, cold and dampness manifested as soreness and heaviness of the limbs, chills, fever, headache, and a heavy sensation in the head. Atractylodes rhizome (Cang Zhu, 
) is used with Ledebouriella root (Fang Feng, 
) and Asarum herb (Xi Xin, 
).
(d)Downward flow of damp-heat, manifested as swollen and painful knees and legs, and weakness of the lower limbs. Atractylodes rhizome (Cang Zhu, 
) is used with Phellodendron bark (Huang Bai, 
) and Cyathula root (Niu Xi, 
).
(e)Dosage: 3–12 g.
(ii) Magnolia bark (Hou Po, 
)
Pharmaceutical Name: Cortex Magnoliae officinalis
Part Used: Bark
Properties: Bitter, pungent, and warm
Channel Tropism: Spleen, stomach, lung, and large intestine
| Functions: | (a) | To promote Qi circulation; |
| (b) | To dry dampness; | |
| (c) | To descend rebellious Qi and relieve asthma; | |
| (d) | To resolve retention of food. |
Applications:
(a)Disharmony of the spleen and stomach due to stagnation of dampness and retention of food, manifested as epigastric distension and fullness. Magnolia bark (Hou Po,
) is used with Atractylodes rhizome (Cang Zhu, 
) and Tangerine peel (Chen Pi, 
) in the formula Pingwei San. If dampness blocks the spleen and stomach, causing retention of food, abdominal distension and pain, and constipation, Magnolia bark (Hou Po, 
) is used with Rhubarb (Da Huang, 
).
(b)Cough and asthma. Magnolia bark (Hou Po, 
) is used with Apricot seed (Xing Ren, 
).
(c)Dosage: 3–9 g.
(iii) Agastache (Huo Xiang, 
)
Pharmaceutical Name: Herba agastachis seu, Herba pogastemonis
Part Used: Aerial parts of the plant
Properties: Pungent and slightly warm
Channel Tropism: Spleen, stomach, and lung
| Functions: | (a) | To transform dampness; |
| (b) | To dispel summer heat; | |
| (c) | To stop vomiting. |
Applications:
(a)Dampness blocking the spleen and stomach, manifested as epigastric and abdominal distension, nausea, vomiting, and poor appetite. Agastache (Huo Xiang, 
) is used with Atractylodes rhizome (Cang Zhu, 
), Magnolia bark (Hou Po, 
), and Pinellia tuber (Ban Xia, 
).
(b)Internal injury caused by raw and cold food and invasion of exogenous wind and cold in the summer, manifested as chills, fever, headache, epigastric fullness, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Agastache (Huo Xiang, 
) is used with Perilla leaf (Zi Su Ye, 
), Pinellia tuber (Ban Xia, 
), Magnolia bark (Hou Po, 
), and Tangerine peel (Chen Pi, 
).
(c)Vomiting: (1) vomiting caused by turbid dampness in the spleen and stomach — Agastache (Huo Xiang, 
) is used alone or with Pinellia tuber (Ban Xia, 
) and Fresh ginger (Sheng Jiang, 
); (2) vomiting caused by damp-heat in the spleen and stomach. Agastache (Huo Xiang, 
) is used with Coptis root (Huang Lian, 
), Bamboo shavings (Zhu Ru, 
), and Loquat leaf (Pi Pa Ye, 
); (3) vomiting caused by weakness in the spleen and stomach — Agastache (Huo Xiang, 
) is used with Pilose Asiabell root (Dang Shen, 
) and Licorice root (Gan Cao, 
); (4) vomiting experienced during pregnancy — Agastache (Huo Xiang, 
) is used with Amomum fruit (Sha Ren, 
) and Pinellia tuber (Ban Xia, 
).
(d)Dosage: 3–10 g.
(iv) Amomum fruit (Sha Ren, 
)
Pharmaceutical Name: Fructus Amomi
Part Used: Fruit
Properties: Pungent and warm
Channel Tropism: Spleen and stomach
| Functions: | (a) | To promote Qi circulation and transform dampness; |
| (b) | To calm the fetus. |
Applications:
(a)Dampness blocking the spleen and stomach or Qi stagnation in the spleen, manifested as distension and pain, lack of appetite, vomiting, nausea, and diarrhea: (1) dampness blocking the spleen and stomach — Amomum fruit (Sha Ren, 
) is used with Atractylodes rhizome (Cang Zhu, 
), Round cardamom seed (Bai Dou Kou, 
), and Magnolia bark (Hou Po, 
); (2) Qi stagnation due to food retention — Amomum fruit (Sha Ren, 
) is used with Costus root (Mu Xiang, 
) and Immature bitter orange (Zhi Shi, 
); (3) Qi stagnation caused by weakness of the spleen — Amomum fruit (Sha Ren, 
) is used with Tangerine peel (Chen Pi, 
), Pilose Asiabell root (Dang Shen, 
), and White Atractylodes (Bai Zhu, 
).
(b)For morning sickness or a restless fetus, Amomum fruit (Sha Ren, 
) is used with White Atractylodes (Bai Zhu, 
) and Perilla stem (Su Geng, 
).
(c)Dosage: 2–6 g
Herbs That Benefit Urination and Drain Dampness （利水渗湿药）
Herbs that benefit urination and drain dampness do so by transforming accumulated dampness or fluid into urine. Some of them also clear heat, in addition to draining dampness. These herbs are sweet or flavorless, neutral or slightly cold, and are indicated in dysuria, edema, urinary tract disorders, Phlegm-damp, jaundice, and eczema. All of them should be used with caution in cases with deficiency of Yin and body fluids.
(i) Poria (Fu Ling, 
)
Pharmaceutical Name: Poria
Part Used: Fungus
Properties: Sweet or no flavor and neutral
Channel Tropism: Heart, spleen, and kidney
| Functions: | (a) | To transform dampness and strengthen the spleen; |
| (b) | To calm the mind. |
Applications:
(a)Dysuria and edema. Poria (Fu Ling, 
) is used with umbellate pore-fungus (Zhu Ling, 
), Alismatis rhizome (Ze Xie, 
), and White Atractylodes (Bai Zhu, ).
(b)Retention of phlegm and fluids, manifested as dizziness, palpitations, and cough. Poria (Fu Ling, 
) is used with White Atractylodes (Bai Zhu, 
) and Cinnamon twigs (Gui Zhi, 
).
(c)Excessive dampness and deficiency of the spleen, manifested as poor appetite, diarrhea, and lassitude. Poria (Fu Ling, 
) is used with Pilose Asiabell root (Dang Shen, 
) and White Atractylodes (Bai Zhu, 
).
(d)Palpitations and insomnia. Poria (Fu Ling, 
) is used with Wild jujube seed (Suan Zao Ren, 
) and Polygala root (Yuan Zhi, 
).
(e)Dosage: 6–18 g.
(ii) Umbellate pore-fungus (Zhu Ling, 
)
Pharmaceutical Name: Polyporus
Part Used: Fungus
Properties: Sweet or no flavor and neutral
Channel Tropism: Kidney and urinary bladder
Function: To transform dampness and promote water metabolism.
Applications:
(a)Dysuria, turbid urine, edema, diarrhea, and profuse leukorrhea. Umbellate pore-fungus (Zhu Ling, 
) is used with Poria (Fu Ling, 
) and Alismatis rhizome (Ze Xie, 
).
(b)Dosage: 6–18 g.
(iii) Alismatis rhizome (Ze Xie, 
)
Pharmaceutical Name: Rhizoma Alismatis
Part Used: Rhizome
Properties: Sweet or no flavor and cold
Channel Tropism: Kidney and urinary bladder
Function: To transform dampness and promote water metabolism.
Applications:
(a)Dysuria, turbid urine, edema, diarrhea and profuse leukorrhea, or retention of phlegm and fluids, could leading to dizziness, vertigo, palpitations, and cough. Alismatis rhizome (Ze Xie, 
) is used with Poria (Fu Ling, 
), Umbellate pore-fungus (Zhu Ling, 
) and White Atractylodes (Bai Zhu, 
).
(b)Dosage: 3–12 g.
(iv) Plantain seed (Che Qian Zi, 
)
Pharmaceutical Name: Semen plantaginis
Part Used: Seed
Properties: Sweet and cold
Channel Tropism: Kidney, liver, and lung
| Functions: | (a) | To promote water metabolism and relieve abnormal urination; |
| (b) | To stop diarrhea; | |
| (c) | To clear heat in the liver and brighten the eyes; | |
| (d) | To clear phlegm from the lungs. |
Applications:
(a)Damp-heat flowing into the urinary bladder, manifested as dysuria, painful urination, frequent urination, and a feeling of distension and fullness in the lower abdominal region. Plantain seed (Che Qian Zi, 
), is used with Clematis stem (Mu Tong, 
), Cape jasmine (Zhi Zi, 
) and Talc (Hua Shi, 
).
(b)For damp-heat diarrhea, Plantain seed (Che Qian Zi, 
) is used with Poria (Fu Ling, 
), White Atractylodes (Bai Zhu, 
), and Alismatis rhizome (Ze Xie, 
)
(c)Heat in the liver, manifested as red, painful, and swollen eyes. Plantain seed (Che Qian Zi, 
) is used with Chrysanthemum flower (Ju Hua, 
), Chinese gentian (Long Dan Cao, 
), and Scutellaria root (Huang Qin, 
).
(d)Deficiency of Yin in the liver and kidney, manifested as blurred vision and cataracts. Plantain seed (Che Qian Zi, 
) is used with Fresh Rehmannia root (Sheng Di Huang, 
), Ophiopogon root (Mai Dong, 
), and Wolfberry fruit (Gou Qi Zi, 
)
(e)Cough with profuse sputum due to heat in the lungs. Plantain seed (Che Qian Zi, 
) is used with Trichosanthes fruit (Gua Lou, 
), Scutellaria root (Huang Qin, 
), and Tendrilled fritillary bulb (Chuan Bei Mu, 
).
(f)Dosage: 3–12 g.
Cautions and Contraindications: This herb should be wrapped in cloth for decoction if a strainer is not used.
(v) Clematis stem (Mu Tong, 
)
Pharmaceutical Name: Caulis Aristolochiae seu Clematis
Part Used: Stem
Properties: Bitter and cold
Channel Tropism: Heart, small intestine, and urinary bladder
| Functions: | (a) | To promote water metabolism and relieve abnormal urination; |
| (b) | To clear heat and promote lactation. |
Applications:
(a)Damp-heat in the urinary bladder, manifested as dysuria, painful urination, frequent urination, urgency of micturition, and abdominal distension and fullness, or flaring-up of heart fire manifested as ulceration of the mouth and tongue, irritability, and blood in the urine. Clematis stem (Mu Tong, 
) is used with Bamboo leaf (Zhu Ye, 
), Licorice root (Gan Cao, 
), and Fresh Rehmannia root (Sheng Di Huang, 
).
(b)For insufficient lactation, Clematis stem (Mu Tong, 
) is used with Vaccaria seed (Wang Bu Liu Xing, 
) and Pangolin scales (Chuan Shan Jia, 
). Alternatively, Clematis stem (Mu Tong, 
) is cooked with pig’s feet.
(c)Dosage: 3–9 g.
Cautions and Contraindications: Avoid giving large or prolonged doses of this herb, to prevent side effects on the kidney. Its use is contraindicated during pregnancy.
(vi) Lysimachia (Jin Qian Cao, 
)
Pharmaceutical Name: (a) Herba Lysimachiae; (b) Herba Desmodii
Part Used: The whole plant
Properties: Sweet or no flavor and neutral
Channel Tropism: Liver, gall bladder, kidney, and urinary bladder
| Functions: | (a) | To promote water metabolism and relieve abnormal urination; |
| (b) | To transform dampness and relieve jaundice. |
Applications:
(a)Damp-heat in the urinary bladder, manifested as hot urination, urinary tract stones, painful urination, frequent urination, urgency of micturition, abdominal pain, and biliary stones. Lysimachia (Jin Qian Cao, 
) is used with Lygodium spores (Hai Jin Sha, 
) and Chicken gizzard skin (Ji Nei Jin, 
).
(b)For damp-heat jaundice, Lysimachia (Jin Qian Cao, 
) is used with Oriental wormwood (Yin Chen Hao, 
) and Cape jasmine (Zhi Zi, 
).
(c)Dosage: 3–9 g.
(vii) Oriental wormwood (Yin Chen Hao, 
)
Pharmaceutical Name: Herba Artemisiae Scopariae
Part Used: Young shoots
Properties: Bitter and slightly cold
Channel Tropism: Spleen, stomach, liver, and gall bladder
| Functions: | (a) | To clear heat and transform dampness; |
| (b) | To relieve jaundice. |
Applications:
(a)Jaundice: (1) damp-heat yang jaundice — Oriental wormwood (Yin Chen Hao, 
) is used with Cape jasmine (Zhi Zi, 
) and Rhubarb (Da Huang, 
); (2) cold-damp Yin jaundice — Oriental wormwood (Yin Chen Hao, 
) is used with prepared aconite root (Fu Zi, 
) and Dried ginger (Gan Jiang, 
).
(b)Dosage: 9–15 g.
Prescriptions That Resolve Dampness
Prescriptions That Expel Wind and Dampness （祛风胜湿剂）
(i) Qiang Huo Shengshi Tang 
(Notopterygium Root Decoction)
| Composition: | Notopterygium root (Qiang Huo,  ) |
6 g |
Pubescent Angelica root (Du Huo,  ) |
6 g | |
Ligusticum root (Gao Ben,  ) |
3 g | |
Ledebouriella root (Fang Feng,  ) |
3 g | |
Baked licorice (Zhi Gan Cao,  ) |
3 g | |
Chuan Xiong rhizome (Chuan Xiong,  ) |
3 g | |
Chastetree fruit (Man Jing Zi,  ) |
2 g |
Administration: The herbs are cooked with water by decoction.
Functions: To dispel wind and eliminate dampness.
Indications: Exogenous wind and dampness syndrome, marked by a sensation of heaviness and pain in the head, waist and back, or general pain of the body with difficulty in turning round, a whitish tongue coating, and a superficial pulse.
Formula Analysis: This is the commonly used formula for treating wind-dampness attacking the exterior, leading to disorders of Qi and blood of the meridians and collaterals. All the disorders should be treated by dispersing with acridity and warmness, dispelling wind, eliminating dampness, and freeing network vessels to arrest pain. Qiang Huo 
with pungent and warm properties, and Du Huo 
with pungent and bitter properties, are effective in expelling wind-cold and eliminating dampness from the upper and the lower body respectively, and are used as the chief herbs. Fang Feng 
and Gao Ben 
are the assistant herbs, eliminating wind and the dampness to relieve pain. Chuan Xiong 
has the functions of activating blood and Qi circulation, removing obstruction from the meridians, dispelling wind, and relieving pain, while Man Jing Zi 
disperses wind and dampness to relieve pain; both are adjuvant herbs. Zhi Gan Cao 
serves as the guiding herb, which not only supplements Qi and regulates the middle Jiao so as to prevent the other herbs from consuming Qi, but also mediates the properties of the other herbs. Composed of acrid, warm, and dispersing herbs, this formula stresses dispelling wind, eliminating dampness, and arresting pain; on the other hand, with all herbs used in light dosage, this formula could induce slight sweating to dispel wind-dampness.
Applications in Bio-medicine: Rheumatic arthritis, common cold, hemicrania, angioneurotic headache, and other illnesses which pertain to the attack of exogenous wind and dampness on the superficies and upper body.
Modifications:
(a)For the wind-cold type of common cold, add Schizonepeta (Jing Jie, 
) and Fresh ginger (Sheng Jiang, 
).
(b)For headache due to hypertension, add Pueraria root (Ge Gen, 
) and Red peony (Chi Shao, 
).
(c)For rheumatic arthritis, add Large-leaf gentian root (Qin Jiao, 
) and Tetrandra root (Fang Ji, 
).
Cautions: The formula is contraindicated for a person with Yin deficiency in their constitution. Additionally, large dosages are not recommended, because they may cause profuse sweating and consume body fluids.
(ii) Du Huo Jisheng Tang 
(Pubescent Angelica and Taxillus Decoction)
| Composition: | Pubescent angelica root (Du Huo,  ) |
9 g |
Mulberry mistletoe (Sang Ji Sheng, ) |
6 g | |
Eucommia bark (Du Zhong,  ) |
6 g | |
Achyranthes (Niu Xi,  ) |
6 g | |
Asarum (Xi Xin,  ) |
6 g | |
Large-leaf gentian root (Qin Jiao,  ) |
6 g | |
Poria (Fu Ling,  ) |
6 g | |
Cinnamon bark (Rou Gui,  ) |
6 g | |
Ledebouriella root (Fang Feng,  |
6 g | |
Chuan Xiong rhizome (Chuan Xiong,  ) |
6 g | |
Ginseng (Ren Shen,  ) |
6 g | |
Licorice (Gan Cao,  ) |
6 g | |
Chinese Angelica root (Dang Gui,  ) |
6 g | |
White peony root (Bai Shao,  ) |
6 g | |
Fresh Rehmannia (Sheng Di Huang,  ) |
6 g |
Administration: The herbs are cooked with water by decoction.
| Functions: | (a) | To dispel wind, cold, and dampness; |
| (b) | To relieve arthralgia; | |
| (c) | To tonify the liver and kidney; | |
| (d) | To replenish Qi and blood. |
Indications: Chronic impediment Syndrome with deficiency of both the liver and the kidney and insufficient Qi and blood, marked by pain in the waist area and knees, limited movement or numbness of the joints, aversion to cold with a preference for warmth, palpitations and shortness of breath, a pale tongue with a whitish coating, and a thready weak pulse.
Formula Analysis: This is the commonly used formula for treating wind, cold, and dampness, impediment with deficiency of the liver and kidney, and vacuity of Qi and blood. The treatment should be to dispel wind-dampness, boost the liver and kidney, and supplement Qi and blood. Du Huo 
, the chief herb, dispels wind, disperses cold, and eliminates dampness to relieve pain; it especially dispels wind, cold, and dampness in the lower Jiao to free the impediment and relieve pain. Fang Feng (
and Qin Jiao 
function as the assistant herbs, supporting the chief herb in eliminating wind and dampness, and freeing meridians to relieve pain. Rou Gui 
is warm in nature, with the functions of dispelling cold and activating blood circulation, while Xi Xin 
is effective in relieving pain by expelling wind and cold. Sang Ji Sheng 
, Niu Xi 
, and Du Zhong 
boost the liver and kidney, strengthen the sinews and bones, and dispel wind-dampness, while Dang Gui 
, Bai Shao 
, Di Huang 
, and Chuan Xiong 
all possess the function of enriching blood and activating its circulation. Ren Shen 
, Fu Ling 
, and Gan Cao 
supplement Qi and invigorate the spleen so as to build up body resistance. These 12 herbs are all adjuvant herbs. Gan Cao 
also serves as the guiding herb, mediating the properties of the other herbs. All the herbs in this formula in combination stress dispelling wind, dispersing cold, and eliminating dampness, and concurrently supplement the liver and kidney and boost Qi and blood.
Applications in Bio-medicine: Chronic rheumatic arthritis, sciatica, lumbar muscle strain, hyperosteogeny, and other conditions which have a long course of illness and manifest as deficiency of the liver and kidney as well as insufficiency of Qi and blood.
Modifications:
(a)In cases of severe cold invasion, add prepared aconite root (Fu Zi, 
).
(b)For the invasion of severe dampness, add Tetrandra root (Fang Ji, 
) and Atractylodes rhizome (Cang Zhu, 
).
(c)For severe pain, add Earthworm (Di Long, 
) and Safflower (Hong Hua, 
).
(d)For mild deficiency of Qi and blood, omit Ren Shen 
, Di Huang 
, and Bai Shao 
.
Aromatic Herbal Prescriptions That Transform Dampness （化湿和胃剂）
(i) Huo Xiang Zheng Qi San 
(Patchouli Qi-Righting Powder)
| Composition: | Areca peel (Da Fu Pi,  ) |
30 g |
Angelica (Bai Zhi,  ) |
30 g | |
Perilla leaf (Zi Su Ye,  ) |
30 g | |
Poria (Fu Ling,  ) |
30 g | |
Pinellia tuber (Ban Xia,  ) |
60 g | |
White Atractylodes (Bai Zhu,  ) |
60 g | |
Citrus peel (Ju Pi,  ) |
60 g | |
Magnolia bark (Hou Po,  ) |
60 g | |
Platycodon root (Jie Geng,  ) |
60 g | |
Agastache (Huo Xiang,  ) |
90 g | |
Baked licorice (Zhi Gan Cao,  ) |
75 g |
Administration: The herbs are ground into powder. Decoct 6–9 g in water at one time with three slices of Fresh ginger (Sheng Jiang, AM) and a piece of Jujube (Da Zao, AA).
| Functions: | (a) | To release the exterior and resolve dampness; |
| (b) | To regulate Qi and harmonize the spleen and stomach. |
Indications: Syndrome of contracting wind-cold externally and dampness stagnation in the middle Jiao internally, marked by aversion to cold with fever, headache, stomach and abdominal pain, fullness and oppression in the chest and diaphragm, vomiting and diarrhea, a greasy whitish tongue coating, and a superficial or soft pulse.
Formula Analysis: This is the commonly used formula for the syndrome caused by exogenous wind and cold, stagnant Wei Yang, and dampness in the middle Jiao. All the disorders should be treated by dispersing wind-cold externally, eliminating damp-turbidity internally, and concurrently rectifying Qi flow to harmonize the middle Jiao. As the chief herb, Huo Xiang 
with pungent and warm properties is used in heavy dosage to disperse wind-cold externally and eliminate dampness internally. Zi Su Ye 
is used to disperse cold and rectify Qi flow to harmonize the middle Jiao, and Bai Zhi 
is used to disperse wind-cold and eliminate dampness; both act as the minister herbs to promote the action of the monarch herb. Fu Ling 
and Bai Zhu, 
invigorate the spleen, regulate the middle Jiao, and stop vomiting, while Ban Xia 
is used to dry dampness and downbear Qi counterflow to harmonize the stomach, and Ju Pi 
to descend the adverse Qi and relieve vomiting. Hou Po 
and Da Fu Pi 
are used to eliminate dampness and promote Qi flow to relieve fullness and distension, and Jie Geng 
effectively relieves exterior syndrome and induces diuresis. These seven herbs function as the adjuvant herbs. Zhi Gan Cao 
plays the role of the guiding herb, mediating the properties of the other herbs.
Applications in Bio-medicine: Acute gastroenteritis and gastrointestinal-type cold occurring in the summer, which manifest chiefly as vomiting and diarrhea due to pathogenic cold-heat, as well as a greasy whitish tongue coating, and pertain to exterior cold and interior dampness.
Modifications:
(a)In cases of indigestion, add Medicated leaven (Shen Qu, 
) and Radish seed (Lai Fu Zi, 
).
(b)Where chills, fever, or headache is not present, omit Bai Zhi 
and Zi Su Ye
.
Cautions: The formula is contraindicated for a person with a sticky yellow tongue coating or a red tongue with little coating.
(ii) Ping Wei San 
(Stomach-Calming Powder)
| Composition: | Atractylodes rhizome (Cang Zhu,  ) |
15 g |
Magnolia bark (Hou Po, ) |
9 g | |
Citrus peel (Ju pi,  ) |
9 g | |
Baked licorice (Zhi Gan Cao,  ) |
4 g |
Administration: The herbs are ground into powder. 6–9 g of this powder is taken each time together with a soup made from Jujube (Da Zao, 
) and Fresh ginger (Sheng Jiang, 
).
| Functions: | (a) | To dry dampness and invigorate the spleen; |
| (b) | To promote Qi and harmonize the stomach. |
Indications: Dampness retention in the spleen and stomach, marked by abdominal fullness, anorexia, a reduced sense of flavor, no desire for food and drink, tastelessness, nausea and vomiting, belching and regurgitation, heaviness of the body, lassitude and sleepiness, a thick greasy whitish tongue coating, and a slow pulse.
Formula Analysis: The syndrome is caused by dampness in the middle Jiao, disordered Qi function, and dysfunction of the spleen and stomach. It should be treated by drying dampness and reinforcing the spleen, promoting the flow of Qi and regulating the stomach. The large dosage of Cang Zhu 
, the chief herb, dries dampness and invigorates the spleen. Hou Po 
is used to promote Qi flow to eliminate dampness and harmonize the middle Jiao, and functions as the assistant herb. It not only enhances the effect of the chief herb but also relieves abdominal fullness. As the adjuvant herb, Ju Pi 
promotes the flow of Qi and regulates the stomach. It assists Hou Po 
in promoting the flow of Qi to relieve abdominal fullness, and also strengthens the effect of Cang Zhu 
in eliminating dampness and regulating the middle Jiao. Zhi Gan Cao 
serves as the guiding herb, regulating the spleen and stomach, and mediating the properties of the other herbs. Sheng Jiang 
and Da Zao 
are meant respectively to regulate the stomach and reinforce the spleen, further enhancing the function of the other herbs in this regard.
Applications in Bio-medicine: Chronic gastritis, gastric and intestinal neurosis and indigestion, which have as the chief manifestations abdominal fullness and a greasy whitish tongue coating, and are ascribed to dampness retention in the spleen and stomach.
Modifications:
(a)In the case of retention of food, add Medicated leaven (Shen Qu, 
), Germinated barley (Mai Ya, 
), and Hawthorn fruit (Shan Zha, 
).
(b)For severe abdominal and epigastric distension and fullness, add Costus root (Mu Xiang, 
) and Amomum fruit (Sha Ren, 
).
(c)For exterior symptoms such as fever and chills, add Agastache (Huo Xiang, 
), Pinellia tuber (Ban Xia, 
), and Perilla leaf (Zi Su Ye, 
).
(d)For severe diarrhea, add Poria (Fu Ling, 
), Plantain seed (Che Qian Zi, 
), White Atractylodes (Bai Zhu, 
), and Alismatis rhizome (Ze Xie, 
).
(e)If cold manifestations such as cold pain in the abdomen, cold limbs, aversion to cold, and a desire for warmth are present, add Dried ginger (Gan Jiang, 
) and Cinnamon bark (Rou Gui, 
).
(f)For heat manifestations such as a bitter flavor in the mouth, dry throat, and a sticky yellow tongue coating, add Coptis root (Huang Lian, 
) and Scutellaria root (Huang Qin, 
).
(g)In cases of alternating chills and fever, add Bupleurum root (Chai Hu, 
) and Scutellaria root (Huang Qin, 
).
(h)For constipation, add Areca seed (Bin Lang, 
) and Radish seed (Lai Fu Zi, 
).
Cautions: The formula is contraindicated during pregnancy.
Prescriptions That Promote Urination and Drain Dampness （利水渗湿剂）
(i) Wuling San 
(Powder of Five Herbs with Poria)
| Composition: | Umbellate pore-fungus (Zhu Ling,  ) |
9 g |
Alismatis rhizome (Ze Xie,  ) |
15 g | |
White Atractylodes (Bai Zhu,  ) |
9 g | |
Poria (Fu Ling,  ) |
9 g | |
Cinnamon twigs (Gui Zhi,  ) |
6 g |
Administration: The herbs are either ground into powder or prepared for decoction. Formula dosages are the same regardless of the preparation method.
| Functions: | (a) | To induce diuresis and eliminate dampness; |
| (b) | To warm Yang and promote Qi production. |
Indications: Syndrome of fluid retention in the interior, marked by edema, diarrhea, dysuria, a pale tongue with a glossy whitish coating, and a soft pulse.
Formula Analysis: The syndrome is caused by dysfunction of the spleen in its transportation and transformation capability, leading to retention of fluid in the interior and dysfunction of Qi transformation of the bladder. It should be treated by inducing diuresis and warming Yang to promote Qi function. The chief herb, Ze Xie 
, is present in a large amount and is effective in inducing diuresis and percolating dampness. Fu Ling 
and Zhu Ling 
are sweet and mild in nature and function as the assistant herbs, promoting diuresis and enhancing the effect of the chief herb in relieving swelling. Bai Zhu, 
in combination with Fu Ling 
further strengthens the function of reinforcing the spleen-Qi and inducing diuresis, while Gui Zhi 
is used to warm Yang to eliminate dampness and promote the function of the bladder in the excretion of urine. Bai Zhu, 
and Gui Zhi 
together play the role of adjuvant herbs. All the herbs in combination could treat the exterior and interior concurrently and eliminate evil and support the right Qi simultaneously.
Applications in Bio-medicine: Edema from nephritis and cirrhosis, acute enteritis, uroschesis, hydrocephalus, and other conditions which pertain to fluid retention and dampness in the interior.
Modifications:
(a)If jaundice is also present, add Oriental wormwood (Yin Chen Hao, 
) and Cape jasmine fruit (Zhi Zi, 
).
(b)For vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal distension, add Atractylodes rhizome (Cang Zhu, 
), Magnolia bark (Hou Po, 
), and Citrus peel (Ju Pi, 
).
(c)For severe edema, add Astragalus root (Huang Qi, 
) and Tetrandra root (Fang Ji, 
).
(d)For severe exterior symptoms, add Ephedra (Ma Huang,
) and Perilla leaf (Zi Su Ye, 
)
(ii) Fang Ji Huang Qi Tang 
(Stephania and Astragalus Decoction)
| Composition: | Tetrandra root (Fang Ji,  ) |
12 g |
Astragalus root (Huang Qi,  ) |
15 g | |
Baked licorice (Zhi Gan Cao,  ) |
6 g | |
White Atractylodes (Bai Zhu,  ) |
9 g | |
Fresh ginger (Sheng Jiang,  ) |
4 slices | |
Jujube (Da Zao,  ) |
1 pc |
Administration: The herbs are cooked with water by decoction.
| Functions: | (a) | To tonify Qi and dispel wind; |
| (b) | To reinforce the spleen and induce diuresis. |
Indications: Wind-edema or wind-dampness syndrome, marked by sweating, aversion to wind, a heavy sensation of the body, edema of the limbs, dysuria, a pale tongue with a whitish coating, and a superficial pulse.
Formula Analysis: The syndrome results from an attack of exogenous wind due to exterior-deficiency, and retention of dampness in the muscular striae, meridians, and collaterals. It is treated by invigorating Qi, dispelling wind, reinforcing the spleen, and inducing diuresis. Fang Ji 
induces diuresis to eliminate edema, dispels wind, and eliminates dampness to free the impediment and arrest pain, while Huang Qi 
invigorates Qi to strengthen the superficial resistance, and induce diuresis to relieve edema. The two synergistically dispel wind and promote diuresis without impairing the superficial resistance, and strengthen body resistance without retaining pathogenic wind. Together they play the part of chief herbs. Used as the assistant herb, Bai Zhu 
invigorates Qi, reinforces the spleen and induces diuresis, and further enhances the effect of the chief herbs. Zhi Gan Cao 
, the adjuvant herb, invigorates Qi and reinforces the middle Jiao, as well as mediating the properties of other herbs. Sheng Jiang 
and Da Zao 
not only regulate and nourish the spleen and stomach so as to build up body resistance, but also regulate Ying and Wei to enhance the relief of the exterior syndrome and the elimination of pathogenic wind.
Applications in Bio-medicine: Chronic glomerulonephritis, cardiac edema, rheumatic arthritis, and other conditions which pertain to exterior deficiency and excessive dampness.
Modifications:
For severe edema, replace Bai Zhu, 
, Sheng Jiang 
, and Da Zao 
with Poria (Fu Ling, 
) and Cinnamon twigs (Gui Zhi, 
)
Prescriptions for Clearing Heat and Dampness （清热去湿剂）
(i) Yin Chen Hao Tang 
(Virgate Wormwood Decoction)
| Composition: | Oriental Wormwood (Yin Chen Hao, ) |
30 g |
Cape jasmine fruit (Zhi Zi,  ) |
15 g | |
Rhubarb (Da Huang,  ) |
9 g |
Administration: The herbs are cooked with water by decoction.
| Functions: | (a) | To clear heat and dampness; |
| (b) | To relieve jaundice. |
Indications: Jaundice due to accumulation of dampness and heat, marked by a bright yellow color in the skin and eyes, slight fullness in the abdomen, thirst, dysuria, a greasy yellowish tongue coating, and deep a rapid pulse.
Formula Analysis: This is the commonly used formula for treating jaundice due to heat-dampness smoldering in the liver, gall bladder, spleen, and stomach. The syndrome should be treated by clearing heat, removing dampness, and abating jaundice. Yin Chen Hao 
is the chief herb, used in heavy dosage to clear heat-dampness from the liver, gall bladder, spleen, and stomach so as to abate jaundice. Zhi Zi 
, acting as the assistant herb, drains fire and clears heat-dampness from the triple Jiao to lead heat–dampness downward from urine. Da Huang 
, the adjuvant herb, eliminates blood stasis and promotes defecation to expel evil from the stools. These three herbs synergistically eliminate dampness and heat (although by different means, through urination or defecation) so that jaundice is resolved.
Applications in Bio-medicine: Jaundice, as seen in acute icteric hepatitis, cholecystitis, cholelithiasis, and leptospirosis, which pertains to the accumulation of damp-heat in the interior and is characterized by bright yellowish skin and a greasy yellowish tongue coating.
Modifications:
(a)For alternating chills and fever, add Bupleurum root (Chai Hu, 
) and Scutellaria root (Huang Qin, 
).
(b)For hypochondriac pain, add Curcuma root (Yu Jin, 
) and Bitter orange (Zhi Qiao, 
).
(c)In cases with nausea and vomiting, add Bamboo shavings (Zhu Ru, 
) and Loquat leaf (Pi Pa Ye, 
).
(d)For poor appetite, add Medicated leaven (Shen Qu, 
) and Germinated barley (Mai Ya, 
).
(e)In cases of scanty brown urine, add Talc (Hua Shi, 
), Alismatis rhizome (Ze Xie, 
, and Lysimachia (Jin Qian Cao, 
).
(ii) Ganlu Xiaodu Dan 
(Sweet Dew Detoxication Pill)
| Composition: | Talc (Hua Shi,  ) |
450 g |
Oriental wormwood (Yin Chen Hao,  ) |
330 g | |
Scutellaria root (Huang Qin,  ) |
300 g | |
Grass-leaved sweetflag (Shi Chang Pu,  ) |
180 g | |
Fritillary bulb (Bei Mu,  ) |
150 g | |
Clematis stem (Mu Tong,  ) |
150 g | |
Agastache (Huo Xiang,  ) |
120 g | |
Belamcanda (She Gan,  ) |
120 g | |
Forsythia fruit (Lian Qiao,  ) |
120 g | |
Mentha (Bo He,  ) |
120 g | |
Round cardamom seed (Bai Dou Kou,  ) |
120 g |
Administration: The herbs are ground into powder and mixed with Medicated leaven (Shen Qu, 
) to make pills. Take 9 g of the pills twice daily.
| Functions: | (a) | To resolve dampness and turbidity; |
| (b) | To clear away heat and release toxins. |
Indications: Seasonal damp-heat diseases, marked by fever, lassitude, chest distress, abdominal fullness, thirst, sore throat, yellow skin and eyes, scanty dark urine, diarrhea and turbid urine, and a pale or thick, greasy or dry, yellowish tongue coating.
Formula Analysis: This is a commonly used formula for treating the onset of damp-warmth and seasonal epidemics due to heat-dampness. It should eliminate dampness by promoting diuresis, clearing heat, and resolving toxins. The large dosage of Hua Shi 
clears heat, induces diuresis, and removes summer-heat, while Yin Chen Hao 
clears heat-dampness in the liver and gall bladder, induces dieresis, and relieves jaundice, and Huang Qin 
eliminates heat and dampness, resolves toxins and purges fire. These three herbs are the chief herbs. Shi Chang Pu 
and Huo Xiang 
are aromatic, with the effect of inducing diuresis, removing turbid substances, regulating the middle Jiao, and enhancing the function of the spleen. Bai Dou Kou 
promotes the flow of Qi, induces diuresis, regulates the stomach, and stops vomiting. Mu Tong 
eliminates damp-heat and conducts it downward. These four herbs act as the assistant herbs. Lian Qiao 
, She Gan 
, Bei Mu 
, and Bo He 
possess the effect of removing toxins, relieving sore throat, removing masses, and reducing swelling, and serve as the adjuvant herbs.
Applications in Bio-medicine: Acute infectious icterohepatitis, influenza, biliary tract infection, acute gastroenteritis, and typhoid fever, which pertain to retention of both dampness and heat in the interior. The formula is used especially in summer.
Modifications:
(a)In cases without sore throat, omit Bei Mu 
and She Gan 
.
(b)In cases without jaundice, replace Yin Chen Hao 
with Bamboo leaf (Zhu Ye, 
).
(c)For abdominal fullness and constipation, add Cape jasmine fruit (Zhi Zi, 
) and Rhubarb (Da Huang, 
).
(iii) Bazheng San 
(Eight-Ingredient Rectification Powder)
| Composition: | Plantain seed (Che Qian Zi,  ) |
500 g |
Fringed pink (Qu Mai,  ) |
500 g | |
Talc (Hua Shi,  ) |
500 g | |
Cape jasmine fruit (Zhi Zi,  ) |
500 g | |
Licorice (Gan Cao,  ) |
500 g | |
Clematis stem (Mu Tong,  ) |
500 g | |
Rhubarb (Da Huang,  ) |
500 g | |
Common knotgrass (Bian Xu,  ) |
500 g |
Administration: Grind the herbs into powder, and decoct 6–9 g of the powder together with a little Rush pith (Deng Xin Cao, 
) in water for preparing decoction.
| Functions: | (a) | To clear away heat and purge fire; |
| (b) | To induce diuresis and relieve stranguria. |
Indications: Stranguria due to dampness and heat or urolithiasis, marked by frequency and urgency of urination with pain, urinary stuttering and bradyuria, turbid dark urine, even uroschesis, a feeling of stuffiness in the lower abdomen, dry mouth and throat, a greasy and yellowish tongue coating, a smooth rapid pulse.
Formula Analysis: This is the commonly used formula for the syndrome caused by the flow of heat-dampness downward to the urinary bladder and obstructed urination. The syndrome should be treated by clearing heat and purging fire, inducing diuresis, and relieving stranguria. This formula is very effective in eliminating dampness and heat, because it comprises many diuretic herbs, such as Mu Tong 
, Hua Shi 
, Che Qian Zi 
Qu Mai 
, and Bian Xu 
Zhi Zi 
is capable of removing damp-heat from all the three portions of the triple Jiao, and Da Huang 
purges both heat and fire. Gan Cao 
mediates the effects of the other herbs and Deng Xin Cao 
conducts heat downward. This formula stresses clearing heat, promoting diuresis and defecation to dispel heat-dampness for urine and stools.
Applications in Bio-medicine: Acute prostatitis, acute urinary infection, calculi of the urinary system, and other conditions which chiefly manifest as frequency and urgency of urination with pain and a reddened tongue with a yellowish coating, and which pertain to the accumulation of dampness and heat in the lower Jiao.
Modifications:
(a)In cases of hematuria, add Imperata rhizome (Bai Mao Gen, 
), Small thistle (Xiao Ji, 
), and Eclipta (Han Lian Cao, 
).
(b)In cases with the presence of urinary calculi, add Lygodium spores (Hai Jin Sha, 
), Lysimachia (Jin Qian Cao, 
), and Chicken gizzard skin (Ji Nei Jin, 
)
(c)If loose stools are present, omit Da Huang 
.
Cautions: The formula is contraindicated in a person of weak constitution, and during pregnancy.
(iv) Eemiao San 
(Two-Wonder Powder)
| Composition: | Phellodendron bark (Huang Bai,  ) |
15 g |
Atractylodes rhizome (Cang Zhu,  ) |
15 g |
Administration: Grind the herbs into powder. Take orally 6 g each time with two drops of ginger juice and warm boiled water.
Function: To clear heat and dry dampness.
Indications: Downward flow of damp-heat syndrome, marked by painful tendons and bones, or flaccid feet, or swollen painful feet and knees, or leukorrhagia, or eczema of the genitals, yellow foul vaginal discharge, scanty dark urine, a greasy yellowish tongue coating, and a soft rapid pulse.
Formula Analysis: This is the commonly used formula for treating the syndrome of heat-dampness, which flows into the tendons, muscles, genitals, or muscular striae. The syndrome should be treated by clearing heat and drying dampness. Huang Bai 
, with bitter and cold properties, is used as the chief herb to remove dampness and heat from the lower Jiao. Cang Zhu 
is warm and bitter in its properties, so it can dry dampness and reinforce the spleen to rid it of dampness without causing any subsequent regeneration. Ginger juice harmonizes the stomach and disperses dampness. All the herbs in combination could dry dampness and clear heat.
Applications in Bio-medicine: Acute rheumatic arthritis, vaginitis, vulvitis, and inflammation in the lower limbs, which pertain to damp-heat syndrome.
Modifications:
(a)If weakness and soreness in of the knees and lower back are present, add Cyathula root (Niu Xi, 
), making another formula, named Sanmiao Wan.
(b)If pain and swelling are present in the lower limbs, add Cyathula root (Niu Xi, 
) and Coix seed (Yi Yi Ren, 
); this creates another formula, named Simiao Wan.
(c)For yellow thick leukorrhea, add Euryale seed (Qian Shi, 
) and Ginkgo seed (Bai Guo, 
).
(d)For severe itching and eczema on the lower part of the body, add Areca seed (Bin Lang, 
) and Flavescent sophora root (Ku Shen, 
).
Prescriptions for Warming Yang and Resolving Dampness （温化水湿剂）
(i) Ling Gui Zhu Gan Tang 
(Poria, Cinnamon, Atractylodes, and Licorice Decoction)
| Composition: | Poria (Fu Ling  ) |
12 g |
Cinnamon twigs (Gui Zhi,  ) |
9 g | |
White Atractylodes (Bai Zhu,  ) |
6 g | |
Licorice (Gan Cao,  ) |
6 g |
Administration: The herbs are cooked with water by decoction.
| Functions: | (a) | To warm Yang and resolve phlegm-fluid; |
| (b) | To strengthen the spleen and eliminate dampness. |
Indications: Phlegm-fluid syndrome due to middle Yang deficiency, marked by propping fullness in the chest and rib side, vertigo, palpitations, shortness of breath with cough, a glossy whitish tongue coating, and a taut smooth pulse.
Formula Analysis: This is the commonly used formula for treating the syndrome caused by Yang deficiency of the middle Jiao, leading to dysfunction of the spleen, and failure of Qi to dissolve retained fluid residing in the heart. The syndrome should be treated by warming Yang and activating the spleen. Fu Ling 
, the chief herb, is used in heavy dosage to fortify the spleen and percolate dampness to treat the origin of phlegm. Acting as the assistant herb, Gui Zhi 
warms Yang and removes phlegm when in combination with Fu Ling 
. Bai Zhu, 
, functions as the adjuvant herb, invigorating the spleen, eliminating dampness, and preventing the generation of phlegm. Gan Cao 
plays the role of guiding herb, reinforcing the spleen and mediating the properties of other herbs. This formula is characterized by Yang-warming herbs combined with spleen-fortifying and dieresis-inducing herbs, so it warms Yang without consuming Yin and induces diuresis without damaging healthy Qi.
Applications in Bio-medicine: Edema occurring in chronic bronchitis, pulmonary heart disease, bronchial asthma, glomerulonephritis, and other conditions which pertain to retention of water-dampness due to yang deficiency.
Modifications:
(a)For serious edema, add Astragalus root (Huang Qi, 
), Tetrandra root (Fang Ji, 
), and Alismatis rhizome (Ze Xie, 
).
(b)If profuse sputum is present, add Perilla seed (Su Zi, 
), Lepidium seed (Ting Li Zi, 
), and Jujube (Da Zao, 
).